Uniform hazard versus uniform risk bases for performance‐based earthquake engineering of light‐frame wood construction     

Yue Li  Yuejun Yin  Bruce R. Ellingwood  William M. Bulleit 《地震工程与结构动力学》2010,39(11):1199-1217

This paper investigates the implications of designing for uniform hazard versus uniform risk for light‐frame wood residential construction subjected to earthquakes in the United States. Using simple structural models of one‐story residences with typical lateral force‐resisting systems (shear walls) found in buildings in western, eastern and central regions of the United States as illustrations, the seismic demands are determined using nonlinear dynamic time‐history analyses, whereas the collapse capacities are determined using incremental dynamic analyses. The probabilities of collapse, conditioned on the occurrence of the maximum considered earthquakes and design earthquakes stipulated in ASCE Standard 7‐05, and the collapse margins of these typical residential structures are compared for typical construction practices in different regions in the United States. The calculated collapse inter‐story drifts are compared with the limits stipulated in FEMA 356/ASCE Standard 41‐06 and observed in the recent experimental testing. The results of this study provide insights into residential building risk assessment and the relation between building seismic performance implied by the current earthquake‐resistant design and construction practices and performance levels in performance‐based engineering of light‐frame wood construction being considered by the SEI/ASCE committee on reliability‐based design of wood structures. Further code developments are necessary to achieve the goal of uniform risk in earthquake‐resistant residential construction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Critical perspectives on the evaluation and optimization of complex numerical models of estuary hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics     

J.R. French 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(2):174-189

Numerical hydrodynamic and sediment transport models provide a means of extending inferences from direct observation and for advancing our understanding of estuarine processes. However, their parametric complexity invites questions concerning the extent to which model output can be assessed with respect to data. This paper examines the basis for evaluating the performance of complex hydrodynamic and sediment transport models, with reference to a case study of a muddy meso‐tidal estuary. Sophisticated and computationally‐intensive models should be evaluated using robust objective functions, but conventional measures of fit and model efficiency invoke restrictive assumptions about the nature of the errors. Furthermore, they offer little insight into causes of poor performance. Optimization of tidal hydrodynamic models can usefully combine conventional performance measures with harmonic analysis of modelled shallow water tidal constituents that are diagnostic of the interactions between tidal propagation, bathymetry and bottom friction. Models with similar efficiencies can thus be distinguished and likely sources of error pinpointed. Hydrodynamic models have a predictive power that is rooted in a more‐or‐less complete representation of the physical processes and boundary conditions that are well‐constrained with respect to data. In contrast, fine sediment models rely on a less complete conceptualization of a broader set of processes and, crucially, have a parametric complexity that is unmatched by the quantity and quality of observational data. Their performance as measured by conventional objective functions is weaker and it is important to match the structural complexity of model errors with analyses that can localize the scales and times of poor performance. Wavelet analysis is potentially useful here as a means of identifying aspects of the model that need improvement. The context in which such models are deployed is also important. Used heuristically, what might otherwise be dismissed as weak models can still provide mechanistic support for empirically‐derived inferences concerning specific aspects of system behaviour. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Cyclic behavior of precast segmental concrete bridge columns with high performance or conventional steel reinforcing bars as energy dissipation bars   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kuo‐Chun Chang  George C. Lee 《地震工程与结构动力学》2010,39(11):1181-1198

The cyclic behavior of precast segmental concrete bridge columns with high performance (HP) steel reinforcing bars and that with conventional steel reinforcing bars as energy dissipation (ED) bars were investigated. The HP steel reinforcing bars are characterized by higher strength, greater ductility, and superior corrosion resistance compared with the conventional steel reinforcing bars. Three large‐scale columns were tested. One was designed with the HP ED bars and two with the conventional ED bars. The HP ED bars were fully bonded to the concrete. The conventional ED bars were fully bonded to the concrete for one column, whereas unbonded for a length to delay fracture of the bars and to increase energy dissipation for the other column. Test results showed that the column with the HP ED bars had greater drift capacity, higher lateral strength, and larger energy dissipation than that with fully bonded conventional ED bars. The column with unbonded conventional ED bars achieved the same drift capacity and similar energy dissipation capacity as that with the HP ED bars. All the three columns showed good self‐centering capability with residual drifts not greater than 0.4% drift. An analytical model referred to as joint bar‐slip rotation method for pushover analysis of segmental columns with ED bars is proposed. The model calculates joint rotation from the slip of the ED bars from two sides of the joint. Good agreement was found between analytical predictions and the envelope responses of the three columns. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

地震台站绩效管理探析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄兴伟 《国际地震动态》2010,(11):36-40

随着我国事业单位管理制度改革的不断深入,绩效管理备受广泛重视,地震台站作为我国典型的公益性事业单位,绩效考核管理工作也将逐步提到议事日程。本文结合地震台站的工作性质和特点,介绍了地震台站当前绩效考核工作的现状,提出了改善绩效管理的思路和设想,并着重分析了本行业在绩效考核过程中要注意的几个问题。  相似文献   

Earthquake performance assessment and retrofit investigations of two suspension bridges in Istanbul     

Nurdan Memisoglu Apaydın 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2010

This paper presents the results from earthquake performance assessment and retrofit investigations for Fatih Sultan Mehmet and Bosporus suspension bridges, with main span lengths of 1090 and 1074 m in Istanbul. In the first part of the study, sophisticated three-dimensional finite element model of two suspension bridges were developed and the results of the free vibration analysis were presented. The models contain detailed structural components of the bridges and geometric non-linearity with cable sagging and stress stiffening, cumber of the deck and set-back of the towers. These components affect the natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes of the bridges. In the second part of the study, the seismic performance evaluation of two suspension bridges was undertaken. For performance assessments, non-linear 3-D finite-element time history analysis of with multi-support scenario earthquake excitation was used. Displacements and stresses at critical points of the bridges were investigated. Their earthquake performance under the action of scenario earthquake (site-specific ground motion that would result from the Mw=7.5 scenario earthquake on the Main Marmara Fault) were estimated and comparison with actual design data were also presented. Although both suspension bridges were originally designed for much lower earthquake loads they exhibited satisfactory performance. Finally, suggestions for retrofit need were made and retrofit design with hysteretic dampers for the Bosporus suspension bridge was calculated.  相似文献   

用增量动力分析方法求解人字形中心支撑钢框架的结构影响系数和位移放大系数(Ⅰ)——方法   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

杨俊芬  顾强  何涛  彭奕亮 《地震工程与工程振动》2010,30(2)

结构影响系数是基于强度的抗震设计中确定设计地震作用的关键,也是基于性态抗震设计理论的基础。位移放大系数则是根据结构的弹性位移估算弹塑性位移的关键参数。本文采用增量动力分析方法求解结构影响系数和位移放大系数,并结合具体算例详细说明了基于增量动力分析求解结构影响系数和位移放大系数的实施步骤。该方法能反映结构的动力特征,并能考虑高阶振型对结构抗震性能的影响。  相似文献   

基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA的新型带支撑泥石流拦挡坝抗冲击性能研究     

王秀丽  李俊杰  吕志刚 《地震学刊》2014,(6):663-670

以显示动力学和接触碰撞理论为基础,应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA程序,对常规的泥石流重力拦挡坝和带支撑的新型拦挡坝进行了单个球体撞击下的多参数数值模拟计算及对比分析。结果表明：无论有无支撑,混凝土坝身的破坏模式均为由撞击区域应力骤增导致的局部混凝土压碎,但支撑使坝身迎击面应力分布均匀,提高了材料利用率;支撑能够显著减小混凝土坝顶动位移,最大减幅在30%以上,甚至可达近65%,坝身刚度得到大幅度提高;当撞击高度一定时,支撑间距越小,混凝土坝顶动位移越小;若设置了支撑,则可适当减小混凝土坝身厚度,其减小比例以1/3为宜;撞击力主要由混凝土坝身承担,其刚度显著大于支撑总刚度;撞击高度越高或者支撑间距越小,则混凝土坝底支反力所占比重相对越低,支撑的加强作用也就越显著。  相似文献   

薄壁方钢管混凝土柱劲化设计及轴压性能探讨     

郑新志 《华南地震》2014,(1):94-102

对于薄壁方形钢管混凝土柱,有效且经济地提高柱的承载力、刚度和延性,增强其抵抗局部屈曲的能力是目前的一项重要研究课题。据此,进行8个薄壁方形钢管混凝土轴压试件的研究,比较普通薄壁钢管混凝土柱与劲化薄壁钢管混凝土柱的轴压极限承载力、延性性能、局部屈曲模态及相应耗钢量,研究表明:劲化设置在增加较少用钢量的情况下,使钢管壁对核心混凝土的约束作用相对于普通钢管混凝土柱和单纯加设约束拉杆的钢管混凝土柱更趋均匀,提高了整体约束效应,混凝土强度得以提高,本构关系明显改善。从而增加了钢管混凝土柱的轴压承载力和延性,改变了钢管的局部屈曲变形状态,其实用效益与经济效益极其可观,具有良好推广价值。  相似文献   

Persisting challenges for performance-based building assessment     

B.Bayhan  .Kazaz  P.Gülkan 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2014,(Z1)

Intense research and refinement of the tools used in performance-based seismic engineering have been made,but the maturity and accuracy of these methods have not been adequately confirmed with actual data from the field. The gap between the assumed characteristics of actual building systems and their idealized counterparts used for analysis is wide. When the randomly distributed flaws in buildings as they exist in urban areas and the extreme variability of ground motion patterns combine,the conventional procedures used for pushover or dynamic response history analyses seem to fall short of reconciling the differences between calculated and observed damage. For emergency planning and loss modeling purposes,such discrepancies are factors that must be borne in mind. Two relevant examples are provided herein. These examples demonstrate that consensus-based analytical guidelines also require well-idealized building models that do not lend themselves to reasonably manageable representations from field data. As a corollary,loss modeling techniques,e.g.,used for insurance purposes,must undergo further development and improvement.  相似文献   

干旱区水环境叶绿素遥感估算模式   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄妙芬  邢旭峰  于五一  张一民  申晋利 《干旱区地理》2008,31(1):62-66

利用2006年10月14~18日在甘肃省庆阳市境内环江、柔远河和马莲河实测的水体波谱数据,模拟水色卫星传感器波段,根据目前广泛应用于各种水色卫星传感器的五种叶绿素浓度估算模式计算叶绿素含量;利用平均绝对误差(MAE)、均方差(RMSE)、一致性指数(IA)和线性相关系数(LCC)等模式性能检验指标,结合与光谱数据测定同步获取的叶绿素含量分析数据,对模式性能进行评价,试图从地面遥感的角度来深入分析这些模式的应用精度;模式的性能分析结果表明:(1)Clark(1997)具有最小MAE和RMSE,最大的IA和LCC,因而是比较适用研究区域叶绿素浓度的估算模式;(2)虽然Clark(1997)性能相对来说比较高,但是估算误差仍在37%以上。进一步利用本次实验中获取的26个样本数据,对Clark(1997)模式参数进行优化和改进,得到了修正后的模式,并利用预留的8个叶绿素实测样本进行验证,对优化后的模式进行的对比分析,结果表明精度提高了16%。  相似文献